2019年广东省江门市鹤山市教师招聘考试《中小学英语》考试真题答案解析

Passage 1

Owning a smartphone may not be as smart as you think. It may let you surf the Internet，listen to music and take photos wherever you are，but it also turn you into a workaholic.

A study suggests that，by giving you access to emails at all times，the smartphone adds as much as two hours to your working day. Researchers found that Britons work an additional 460 hours a year on average as they are able to respond to emails on their mobiles. The study by technology retailer Pixmania，shows the average UK working day is between nine and ten hours，but a further two hours is spent responding to or sending work emails，or making work calls.

Almost one in ten admits spending up to three hours outside their normal working day checking work emails. Some workers confess they are on call almost 24 hours a day. Nearly two-thirds say they often check work emails just before they go to bed and as soon as they wake up，while over a third have replied to one in the middle of the night. The average time for first checking emails is between 6 a.m. and 7 a.m.，with more than a third checking their first email in this period，and a quarter checking them between 11 p.m. and midnight.

Ghadi Hobeika，marketing director of Pixmania，said，” The ability to access millions of applications has made smartphones invaluable for many people. However，there are drawbacks. Many companies expect their employees to be on call 24 hours a day，seven days a week，and smartphones mean that people cannot get away from work. The more constantly in contact we become，the more is expected of us in a work.”

Passage 2

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama came from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning，human beings viewed the natural forces of the world，even the seasonal changes，as unpredictable，and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned，but the stories，later called myths，continued to exist and provided material for art and drama.

Those who believe that drama came from ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music，dance，masks，and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore，a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate，a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “watching area”. In addition，there were performers，and，since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites，religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes，they often imitated other people，animals，or supernatural beings，and used gestures about the desired effect–success in hunt or battle，the coming rain，the revival of the sun，etc.as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view，tales about the hunt，war，or other feats are gradually added in detail，at first through imitation，action，and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely-related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.

Passage 3

Patients and doctors alike have long believed in the healing power of humor. It is claimed that humor not only affects patients’ moods，but can actually help them recover faster.

Several studies seem to support this. Patients in better spirits are known to have higher immune cell counts. Some have even claimed to have healed themselves of serious illnesses by reading comics and watching comedies.

Despite all this，many researchers are not convinced. They point out the fact that many sufferings have been known to disappear naturally，with or without a daily dose of laughter. They also say that while optimism in general does seem to be related to better health，it is hard to tell which comes first.

Humor in times of stress，however，clearly makes us feel better. On one level，it takes our minds off our troubles and relaxes us. On another，it releases powerful endorphins，a chemical produced by your body that reduces pain.

There are cases where the appreciation of a good joke is indeed directly related to a person’s health. It can show，for example，whether a person has suffered damage to one particular area of the brain: the right frontal lobe.

Scientists confirmed this by having people read jokes and asking them to choose the funniest endings from a list. Subjects with normal brains usually chose endings that were based on a relatively complex synthesis of ideas. Subjects with specifically located brain damage，however，responded only to slapstick endings，which did not depend on a particular context. When pressed，the brain-damaged subjects saw the logic in the correct endings. They simply did not find them funny.

Of course，humor is largely an individual matter. Next time your friend does not get one of your jokes，there is no need to accuse him of being a lamebrain. However，you might suggest that he lighten up–for the health of it.

Passage 4

Everyone knows how important trees are to the well-being of the earth. But do you know there are also many advantages of growing them in your own yard? By providing shade for people to enjoy time outside，trees can shade our homes to keep them cooler in the summertime. They can hide unsightly views，reduce noise from nearby roads，and serve as windbreaks. Many types also produce flowers and fruit. ______（12） 

Choosing Trees

When you are planting trees，it’s wise to plan your selections carefully. Planting a tree long-term project. Large shade varieties，especially，take a long time to grow.  ______（13） Trees also be a significant financial investment，so it’s important to choose wisely.

Many yards have space for only a few large plants. ______（14） So take the time to choose plant you like that also will grow well in the conditions you can provide. Trees vary widely in their need for space，light，and soil conditions. 

Care 

Once you’ve made a choice，you’ll need to prepare your site for planting. You may need to clear the area of other vegetation and improve the soil with organic matter such as fertilizer and nutrients. If you plant a tree yourself，carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read “How to Plant a Tree”. ______（15）   

Providing proper care after it’s planted is also important. Young plants should be babied for the first few years. Feed regularly，water deeply，and prune them carefully，so they become strong and healthy. ______（16）   

Back in business school，macho kids like me studied finance. ______（17）the competition of life，money equaled winning，so those who managed the money would become the ______（18）. Didn’t matter that I was a woman–I was as ______（19）as any guy you’d ever met.

It’s taken me a lot of years，a lot of living，to realize that my view of the world was ______（20）.

The reality is: finance is for wimps. Finance is the easy part. However，it’s much ______（21）to deal with people. The winners in society are the people who understand how to ______（22）other people.

In my 20s，I worked really hard. I ______（23）name-brand schools and piled on the degrees. I was focused on my climb to the top as a ______（24）real-estate developer. I worked full-time as I was studying，because I was ______（25）.

______（26）when I was 31，I got to the top in a way that I never imagined possible. I ______（27）Deputy Mayor of Los Angeles. In that role，I collaborated ______（28）leaders from all sectors of society as I spearheaded education and economic development initiatives to move our city forward.

When our four-year term cane to ______（29），I moved to another world of power and money，as a headhunter for CEOs and other ______（30）talent for the world’s biggest companies. With leaders from all.

As a result of all these experiences，I’ve had ______（31）chance to meet，befriend，and work with leaders from all sectors in countries throughout the world.

And here’s ______（32）I’ve learned: the leaders are not the highest IQ people exam in any organization，they didn’t get the highest grades，they didn’t ______（33）the highest exam scores. They got to the top ______（34）they have the ability to attract the best penile to work for them. And at the root of that power of attraction is empathy. Empathy is the amity to truly connect with other human beings，It’s life’s ______（35）but most important skill. And it’s the skill ______（36）for leadership in a changing world.

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid temible（37）______ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. It took three years（38）______ (complete) and was built using an interesting method. This included（39）______ (dig) up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof（40）______ the top. When all those had been done，the road surface replaced.

Steam engines（41）______ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. However，the railway quickly proved to（42）______ a great success and within six months，more than 25，000 people were using（43）______ every day.

Later，engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels,（44）______ became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the introduction of electric-powered（45）______ (engine) and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most successful of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved（46）______ (extreme) popular with the public.

John Brown is a London taxi driver who love going to the theatre. Last week her mother gave him two tickets for a play. The tickets are on Sunday evening. Then John read some reviews of the play，who all said was a terrible one! He wouldn’t go to see a play that no one liked it. So two hours after the play started，he left the tickets on the back seat of his taxi. Perhaps everyone who wanted to see the play would take them. However，while John went back home，the tickets were still there. In fact，there had four tickets on the seat. A passenger has placed another pair of tickets on top of them!